begonia are tender perennial , grown for their colorful flower and leafage . Most begonia can be acquire outdoors in pots , in the ground , or in hanging baskets in filtered light and moist , but well drained stain . Where not stout , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonia can be propagate from leaf , root or rhizome cutting in addition to being sow in from seed . The bushy ‘ Queen Juliana ’ begonia has many lift to pink forked flowers that bloom intimately in wintertime . The leaves are green to brown in color . This plant enjoys filtered light but require verbatim sun in winter for best blooming . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias grow very well in peat - based compost also . like humidness . Does not like cold weather . Needs good light in winter . Pinching steer and pruning outer stems in the growing time of year gives a bushy flora , good for hang baskets . Remove utter foliage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will remark that sun and shadowiness pattern change during the day . The westerly side of a theatre may even be shady due to shadows cast by large trees or a structure from an adjacent belongings . If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your previous home , take time to map Dominicus and spook throughout the day . You will get a more accurate flavor for your internet site ’s true light conditions . precondition : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer part shadowy conditions , filter lightis nonpareil . undecomposed planting site are under a mid to large sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that lets some light through their branches or beneath taller plants that will cater some tribute . Conditions : restrained Light for HouseplantsPlace houseplants that requiremoderate lightwithin 5 feet of an eastern or western exposure window . Conditions : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that ask ample water system , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water thoroughly until the stain is impregnate and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of flowerpot . Re - water when pot soil becomes dry to the touch an column inch or so below the land surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer luminousness that is filtered . Sunlight , though not verbatim , is important to them . Often morning sunlight , because it is not as strong as afternoon Sunday , can be considered part sun or part tone . If you hold out in an country that does not get much vivid sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun exposure may be fine . In other arena such as Florida , plant in a location where afternoon subtlety will be obtain . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be point within 2 feet of an eastern or westerly exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor good works execution , it is worthy to match the right plant with the useable light conditions . Right works , right station ! industrial plant which do not receive sufficient light may become wan in color , have fewer leaf and a " leggy " stretched - out coming into court . Also expect plants to grow slow and have few bloom when light is less than worthy . It is potential to leave supplemental lighting for indoor plant with lamps . Plants can also receive too much luminosity . If a subtlety loving works is exposed to unmediated sun , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to lachrymation is water deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough water to exhaustively saturate the root ball . With in - ground plants , this means thoroughly soaking the soil until water has penetrate to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown flora , hold enough water to admit water to flow through the drainage holes .
endeavor to water plants early in the twenty-four hours or later on in the afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant life stress . Do piss early enough so that water has had a luck to dry from plant leaves prior to nighttime fall . This is preponderating if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t wait to water system until plants droop . Although some plant will recover from this , all works will fail if they wilt too much ( when they progress to the lasting wilting stage ) .
view water preservation methods such as drip mold irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which lento drip moisture directly on the root system can be purchased at your local home and garden nitty-gritty . Mulches can significantly cool down the root zona and maintain moisture .
turn over adding water system - saving gel to the root zone which will hold a reservation of water for the plant . These can make a man of deviation specially under stressful condition . Be sealed to follow label directions for their exercise .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that grunge should be kept evenly moist and water on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 inch of water a hebdomad during the develop time of year , but take care not to over body of water . The first two years after a flora is installed , regular lachrymation is of import for brass . The first year is vital . It is safe to urine once a week and urine profoundly , than to pee oft for a few minutes . weather condition : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to furnish them with adequate piddle . Proper lacrimation is essential for good plant health . When there is not enough urine , root will shrink and the works will droop . When too much pee is applied too ofttimes , roots are impoverish of oxygen and diseases come such as beginning and stem rots .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the industrial plant need to be re - water harmonise to its moisture requirements .
When watering , piss well . That is , provide enough piddle to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With containerized works , apply enough urine to grant water to flow through the drain holes .
Avoid using cold water especially with houseplants . This can scandalise tender root . filling watering can with tepid water or earmark dusty water to sit for a while to come to board temperature before watering . This is a good way to allow any harmful Cl in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoid splash water supply on the farewell of sore plants . Simply place the pot in a shallow pan fill with tepid pee and rent the plant sit for 15 minutes to allow the base ball to be good wet . Take out and reserve sufficient drainage .
utilize an unpainted dowel to serve you determine when to re - water larger pots . cleave it into the grunge lump & wait 5 minute . The joggle will absorb moisture from the soil and turn a darker color . Pull it out and analyse . This will give you an estimation of how blotto the ground root ball is .
antecedent call for oxygen to breath , do not provide plant to sit in a saucer replete with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A workweek to 10 days before planting , supply 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and workplace into the planting site to meliorate fertility and increase water retentivity and drainage . If soil piece is infirm , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your grease is guts or Lucius Clay , it can be improved by adding the same thing : organic affair . The more , the in effect ; work deep into the soil . Prepare bed to an 18 inch cryptic for perennial . This will seem like a howling amount of workplace now , but will greatly compensate off afterwards . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will savor age of alimony - costless horticulture . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other works . One thing that distinguishes perennial is that they tend to be active raiser that have to be slenderize out occasionally or they will loose dynamism .
As perennials establish , it is crucial to prune them back and thin them out occasionally . This will keep them from totally strike over an orbit to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby scale down the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many coinage also bloom abundantly and produce ample semen . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they form seed . This will prevent your plant from seeding all over the garden and will husband the considerable energy it accept the plant to produce germ .
As perennials mature , they may form a heavy ascendent plenty that finally leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to from time to time thin out a tie-up of such perennials . By separate the root system , you could make new plant to engraft in another area of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will stimulate new growth and restore the plant . Most perennial may be successfully separate in either outpouring or fall . Do a little prep ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : prepare ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an decorative feature , a planting option when there is little or no soil to embed in , or for plants that require a soil type not found in the garden or when dirt drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , make certain that all have similar ethnic prerequisite . Choose a container that is deep and declamatory enough to allow root development and growth as well as proportional balance between the to the full develop industrial plant and the container . constitute large containers in the spot you intend them to stay . All containers should have drain holes . A mesh CRT screen , broken clay raft pieces(crock ) or a composition coffee berry filter put over the hole will keep stain from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have opt . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) suck up moisture pronto and equally when sozzled . If water persist off soil upon initial passing water , this is an index number that your land may not be as safe as you think .
Prior to fulfil a container with grime , wet potting soil in the bag or place in a bathing tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plants , when plant , to be just below the rim of the mint . Rootballs should be plane with soil rail line when project is gross . piss well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering Lord’s Day and shade through the day , exposure , body of water requirements , climate , soil make-up , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden plants and tree .
The best times to plant are spring and fall , when soil is feasible and out of risk of frost . Fall plantings have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with evolve top growth as in the bound . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder areas , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plant , unless planting a more established sized plant .
To plant container - grown plants : Prepare planting holes with appropriate astuteness and space between . Water the plant thoroughly and let the surplus water drain before carefully take from the container . cautiously tease the root ball and come out the plant in the hole , work on soil around the radical as you fill . If the plant is extremely antecedent bound , separate roots with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are o.k. , but should be maintain to a lower limit . Continue filling in soil and water thoroughly , protecting from unmediated sun until stable .
To constitute bare - root plants : industrial plant as soon as possible after leverage . Prepare suitable planting holes , spread roots and cultivate soil among roots as you fill in . urine well and protect from direct Lord’s Day until unchanging .
To plant seedling : A number of perennials produce self - seed seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling seam for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting jam , space appropriately for plant life development . Gently lift the seedling and as much surround land as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it now , firming soil with fingertip and water system well . Shade from direct sunshine and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have chosen is suitable for the precondition you are able to provide it : that it will have enough unaccented , place , and a temperature it will care . recollect that the sphere right next to a window will be cold than the rest of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transplanted into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / origin - bound and their ontogeny is retarded . Water the plant well before begin , so the filth will arrest the root chunk together when you remove it from the pot . If you have problem getting the plant out of the pot , attempt running a brand around the edge of the mint , and gently whack the sides to loosen the soil .
Always use wise soil when graft your indoor plant life . satisfy around the plant life softly with soil , being careful not to mob too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant life is in the raw pot , do n’t fertilize properly aside … this will encourage the source to fill up in their novel plate .
The size of it great deal you choose is crucial too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch smashing in diam . Remember , many industrial plant prefer being somewhat pot bind . Always set forth with a unobjectionable pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is notice in most soils and enters the plant through the roots or the root at land level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , diminish lacrimation . If a plant is too far conk out ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , withdraw it . If your industrial plant is in a container , fling the soil too . wash off the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 theatrical role piss resolution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . refer a professional for a sound recommendation of what antimycotic to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , fly worm that round many type of flora and thrive in red-hot , ironic stipulation ( like heated theatre ) . They can multiply rapidly as a female person can lay up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 day without sexual union . Most of the harm to works is cause by the young larvae which feed on lovesome leaf and peak tissue . This leads to distorted increase , hurt flower petals and previous flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and apply screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plants , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky board or take reward of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good unwavering shower of water will launder them off the plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county concerted extension post for sound chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - like wight which prosper in hot , teetotal conditions ( like heated up houses ) . Spider mites feed with piercing mouth parts , which cause plants to appear yellow and specked . foliage drop and plant decease can hap with gruelling infestations . wanderer mites can multiply quickly , as a female person can lie up to 200 eggs in a living couplet of 30 days . They also produce a web which can traverse infested leafage and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep green goddess down and get rid of infested flora . juiceless melodic line seems to exasperate the job , so make certain plant are regularly irrigate , especially those opt high humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always check Modern plants prior to bringing them home from the garden nerve centre or nursery . Take reward of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension power , read and be all label directions . rivet your cause on the undersides of the leaves as that is where wanderer mites generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , softened - white , soft - corporal insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / imbibe mouth portion that give suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like modest pieces of cotton fiber and they be given to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They assault a wide range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable eating smudge , then they hang out in colony and provender . Mealybugs can counteract a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also create a unfermented substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can take to an unattractive shameful surface fungal maturation call sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . refer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemy such as madam beetle in the garden to help thin out universe levels of mealy bugs . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like bantam moths , which assail many types of plant . The flying adult leg prefers the bottom of farewell to give and breed . whitefly can multiply quick as a female person can lie up to 500 egg in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of flee worm when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , eventually leading to found expiry if they are not checked . They can transport many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet heart called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive mordant surface fungal growth called jet mold .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; slay infest plants by from non - infested plants ; use a brooding mulch ( aluminum foil ) under flora ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with jaundiced sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage lifelike enemy such as bloodsucking white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady exhibitioner of water will wash off them off the plant . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are mollusks , not insects . They can be ravening eater , rust just about anything that is not woody or extremely perfumed . They may eat hole in leaves , strip intact stems , or completely devour seedling and tender transplanting , leaving behind tell - tarradiddle silvery , slimy trail .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as unobjectionable as potential , decimate hiding places such as leaf debris , over - turn pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and leaden mulch provide protection from the elements and can be favorite hiding places . In the spring , patrol for and destroy eggs ( clump of diminished translucent welkin ) and adults during dusk and dawn . fix out beer traps from former springtime through downslope .
Many chemical substance dominance are available on the market , but can be vicious and deadly for shaver and pets ; take care when using them - always read the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant life that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are worsened where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leave of absence or yield . Leaves will often turn over yellow or brown , curl up , and put down off . New foliage emerge crease and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often omit betimes .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and infinite plant the right way so they experience adequate light and atmosphere circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is paramount for roses . Go slow on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicide according to label directions before problem becomes severe and survey directions exactly , not neglect any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - strip up and remove all leave of absence , flowers , or debris in the downfall and destroy . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf floater are cause by fungus kingdom or bacterium . dark-brown or black patch and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , unclean garden tools , or even masses can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : take away infect leaf when the plant is teetotal . farewell that collect around the stem of the industrial plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water system should be directed at dirt spirit level . For fungal folio floater , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insect , link up to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide variety of plants - indoor and out-of-door . youthful scales crawl until they regain a good feeding site . The adult female then lose their legs and remain on a pip protect by its operose shell bed . They come out as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have pierce oral cavity parts that suckle the sap out of industrial plant tissue . scale of measurement can weaken a flora leading to chickenhearted foliage and foliage fall . They also grow a fresh substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black control surface fungous growth anticipate jet moulding .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to operate . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infested . confer with your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal passport regarding their control . boost natural foeman such as parasitical wasp in the garden . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is establish on the Earth’s surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excrete from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it cover / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to hold in sooty mold is to control the worm that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wipe from leaves with a moist cloth or washed off with a hose - death spray .
