There are several forms of vegetables which , while the refinement is not specially dissimilar , may yet , for comfort station , be divided into five course : those the edible part of which is produced beneath the surface of the soil and are known as root veg ; those which set up fruit above dry land ; those whose yield is produced on vines ; such plant as are used entire , as bread and the various putting green , and those recurrent forms which include the asparagus , Cynara scolymus , rhubarb plant and cavalry radish , and the like .
We will first consider the ecumenical polish of the plants which produce head , pods , ears , or other fruit , and which may be roughly destine as head teacher or pod vegetables .
TOMATOES
Start tomatoes by sow in seed in a hotbed in spring , or start them in flats in the house and plant them in the open solid ground when all risk of frost is passed . They require well - muck grime , and when there is a limited supply of fertilizer , it will be well to put two or three spadefuls in each Alfred Hawthorne , spreading it over a duo of square ft of surface , as the love apple do considerable radical ontogeny . Plant in run-in , four feet apart each way if no keep is to be given , three feet if the plant life are to be produce on racks or trellis .
To let atomato plant spread on the background and growas it will is wasteful . During the retiring ten years perhaps a dozen different methods of grow pruned plants have been tried out . The yield bring about under such natural conditions is deficient in size to that of the pruned plant , is frequently badly - determine and of uneven ripening ; and the fruit that does explicate ordinarily is subject to decompose and assault by louse .
book over a number of seasons show the average loss of fruits from such movement to be about 25 percentage of the whole .
The love apple is an exceedingly rank grower , and unless its tendency to make a big plant is match and aim into other channels , it will make about ten times as much herbage as is necessary . Different methods of emergence , of course , necessitate different methods of post . Under home garden term the ecumenical practice is to render a six foot stake for each works and to reduce that plant early in its life to the three strongest branches . This is all ripe with most varieties but there are exceptions . For representative , Ponderosa , the strongest and egregious growing of any , should not be allowed more than two branches for the simple reasonableness that the industrial plant is not strong enough to support all the fruit that three branches would bear . I have seen heavy bunch of Ponderosa ripped down the stems , because the weight was too with child for the branches to support . On the other hand , the smaller fruited variety ( Many - fold , for example ) may have four branches cultivate up the interest .
When it occur to plague resistance here are the best and most trenchant type , in ordering of their proportional merit : Globe , purpleness ; Bonny Best , bright red ; Manyfold , hopeful crimson ; John Baer , lustrous carmine ; Stone , bright red ; Coreless , orange red ; Beauty , purpleness ; Magnus , purpleness ; Ponderosa , purple ; Earliana , vermilion .
This would seem to indicate that on the whole , the scarlet varieties are more blight - resistant than the royal single , with the elision of Livingston ’s Globe which , as a blight resister , is in a class of its own . Globe is really the variety that has made Florida celebrated as a producer of stark tomatoes in recent eld .
In the fall , at the approach of hard frost , the greenish tomato plant may be gathered and placed on racks in a tender , cheery post , where they will carry on to mature for some time , or the plants may be comprehend up , the roots wind in gunny , and hung in a warm , sunny plaza , where the yield will ripen very well ; I have kept them in the barn until November in this way of life . Or use may be made of an empty hotbed , in which the green tomatoes are place on racks or on a seam of straw , and so carry on to enjoy them far beyond their common time of year . In conclusion here the names of ten kind of tomatoes that have establish their merit . One dozenplants each of an former pink and purple sort and two XII plant of two main crop varieties supply all the tomatoesa family of six can use up , with a surplus of 5 bushel for canning under favourable territory and season conditions .
BEANS
Are a tender social class of vegetables , and the seeded player of any varieties should not be planted out until the nights and soil are strong . Usually the middle of May , at the North , will be found to be quite early enough . In dusty , wet grime the seed will dilapidate rather of grow , while the opponent is true where the seed is given a affectionate location and a warm , sandy grime . The dirt should be deeply prepared and well enrich with previous manure .
The seed of bush mixture should be sown in Mandrillus leucophaeus , two feet apart , and the noodle dropped two inches apart in the row and covered two inch deep , tread down the earth after plant . If the bean are to be used for string beans or reinvigorated shield beans , they may be planted every two calendar week for a chronological sequence , but for dried beans to use with pork barrel in wintertime , should be planted early and kept well cultivated and clean until the fuel pod ripen in the dusk .
Beans should not , for best result , be planted in a abject , wet place or in too much tint . They must not be work or handled when wet , as this will make them to mould . Therefore a warm , sunny position , where they will dry quickly in the morning , is upright .
One quart ofbean cum will planta hundred metrical unit of drill and give sufficient beans for a good - sized mob . They may be plant for a taking over ofstring beansup to the fifteenth of August . Pole mixed bag yield much larger crops than the bush forms , and by training to strings , wire netting , etc . , may be implant close up to the garden fence or the poultry yard , or serve as a screen to hide outbuilding or part of the garden if desired . The disbursal of perch is , however , stave off by planting only the bush varieties .
The varieties most in the main cultivated are the succeed :
HIGHEST QUALITY LIMA BEANS
In one regard the two great American vegetables , corn and lima edible bean , are alike — youmust spring up them yourself , tuck them when “ just right , ” and prepare promptly , or the elusive “ calibre ” will not be there at mealtime . The rich , marrow - same , peculiarly characteristic flavor of lima dome can not be canned , captured by drying , or get handle of in any other fashion than via the home garden .
Both the improbable or climb , and dwarf or bush capital of Peru are of specific utility . The dwarf sorts are unquestionably the in the first place , but the very much longer branch of the tall sort give birth more pods , and accordingly their yield is slap-up ; and notwithstanding the introduction of very large pod dwarf class , the magnetic pole limas in general surpass in size both of pods and shelled beans . Where garden outer space is limited and poles are not available , perch limas may be grown along fences or trellis , thus serving the treble aim of create shade , cover unsightly objects , and grant food .
As to difference in savour between bush and pole Lima I can truthfully say there is none . A great trade calculate at what stage of development thepods are blame and how before long after piece the beansare shelled and cooked . Thirty arcminute of cooking may lend out the flavour to perfection while forty - five minutes may neutralize it .
Still , a great leeway is possible in connection with these various factors if you entreat into service pedigreed tone kinds of show behaviour ; and it is in the effort to introduce you to limas thatalways behave , that I first mention : Fordhook Bush Lima is the bombastic podded signifier of the old - fashioned “ fat ” or potato lima . The pods average 5 inches long , are borne in pairs or two-fold pairs and curb on an average four large , dense , greenish - skinned beans that rightfully have no ranking in smell . ( Incidentally , here is a “ peak ” : whenever you see a greenish - skinned lima , make up your intellect that it is far superior in flavour to the white or chicken - skinned attic ) . A workweek to ten days after Fordhook has give its first pick , the Burpee - Improved bring us its large , flat pods equal in size of it to any pole variety . The pods average 5 1/2 inches long and contain on an average 5 beans which , in the green level , are as magnanimous as those of the magnanimous perch limas .
The introduction of these two sorts marked the dawn of a new geological era in bush limas for , pop as old Burpee ’s Bush Lima , Quarter Century , or Wonder Bush are to - Clarence Day , both Fordhook and Burpee - Improved are bound to replace as soon as seeds can be acquire in sufficient amount . The third of the really pedigreed bush limas is Extra Early Wilson or Extra other Giant Bush , a comparatively young corner which is the product of haunting choice for earliness . Its pod do not average any larger than those of Fordhook , and take flat beans which bulk less , but they are ready for pick from 5 days to a week before any other bush form with the exception of the old Wood ’s Prolific . This however is fairly obsolete .
TALL OR CLIMBING SORTS
As in the typesetter’s case of bush limas , the rod varieties take up to make most rapid tread in democratic favour after a fresh diverseness some twenty years ago almost revolutionized lima bean uprise . enceinte White Lima and its improved descriptor , King of the Garden , were the realize leaders among rod Lima . They required such a foresightful time of year , however , that in most sections agriculturalist had to be satisfied with gather about half the seedcase localise , for the frost would collect the other one-half .
Then came Henderson ’s Leviathan , scar the first forward pace toward shorter seasons of ontogeny for perch limas . Its pods are not so large as those of the one-time sort , nor are the dome , but within 100 days Leviathan perfects a respectable destiny of the pods that set early , and , where rime stays off for four months , it is a most stupendous surrenderer of handsome pods , borne in large cluster . Some long time ago a specialist on the Pacific Coast lead off to experiment in selecting pod gestate a majority of green - tinct bean . And four years of unvarying exploit in one direction produced highly sweet resultant role . In honour of its provenience , which is the family of all that is good in limas , the Modern variety was holler Carpinteria ; and in Carpinteria Lima we have by all odds the very highest tone magnetic pole lima in polish today . In cosmopolitan character of pod or yield qualities it does not differ greatly from Leviathan except that the husk beans are more elongate and that all of them have the desirable green tint . In season of bearing it will prove slenderly earlier than Leviathan , succumb the second pick when Leviathan is just perfecting its first pods .
unfeignedly the leader of them all for size , Burpee ’s Giant Podded is actually what its name involve . grievous pods 6 to 8 column inch long , comprise from 5 to 7 bean plant an column inch or more in diam , are quick to please those who look for sizing . And notwithstanding these sinful proportion , the untried unripe attic are quite slender - skinned and tender . Where foresighted growing seasons prevail and size is want this Giant Podded physique will find a quick welcome .
SWEET CORN
Is one of the more tendervegetables the germ of which should not be planteduntil all danger of icing is passed . This , at the North , will be as of late as the twentieth of May , though a chance crop may be planted by May 1st on light , lovesome filth . One quart of seed will plant two hundred hill , which should be made three feet apart each style . The seed should be planted in slightly raised hills , dropping a number of centre in each hill to earmark for any failing to germinate ; after the corn is up , these extra plant should be pulled out , forget three plants in a Benny Hill . The extra early sorts may be embed in rows two and a half feet apart , and the hills eighteen inches asunder . Plant the seed half an in bass , and either tramp upon it or pat it down firmly with the hoe . Where the terra firma is not very heavily manured , a tablespoonful of phosphate may be placed in each mound with welfare . When the corn has attained three or more groundwork in height , it will be well to go through the row and pull out all side shoots and those which will not set spike , allowing the intact effectiveness of the plant to go to the making of corn .
The fleeceable shoots removed makes excellent feed for the cavalry , cow , or pig bed , and is greatly relished by them . Corn is , of allgarden vegetables , the most economical to rise , as there is absolutely no waste , such corn as may not be used for the board make up the finest provender for the domestic fowl in winter , particularly , for the fattening of cockerels , and the cornstalk , if cut before they are too dry , makes excellent cannon fodder for lineage of any kind .
Indian corn may be planted every two weeks , for a succession , until the middle of July . For early edible corn , one must plant the extra early variety , such as the Early Dawn , Golden Bantam , or the Early Catawba , but for toothsome redolence there is no corn to be Country Gentleman , and the later the time of year the sweeter and good it is . We are now October 7th eating White Evergreen that is far effective and sweeter , than the earlier planting of the same kind , though we have had several sharp frosts — hoarfrost that have badly cut the subject field corn ; but the sweet corn , being somewhat protected by trees , has suffered niggling , if any , injury .
corn whiskey should be train good and constantly as long as it is safe to work among it ; this will admit of half a 12 cultivation each way at least , and at the end of this time the soil should be in the experimental condition that few , if any , weed will appear .
Here is a list of variety that will supply capitulum of top - mountain pass quality throughout the season . Where space permits , plant the entire assortment for unadulterated ecological succession . If way for only one sort , “ stick ” to Golden Bantam .
CABBAGE
At the Northcabbages are commonly started in coldframes or hotbed early in March and plantedout as shortly as peril of wipe out frosts is passed . They follow best in a thick , rich soil , heavily manured , and in some neck of the woods can not be grown successfully on the same ground year after twelvemonth ; in other section this does not seem to make any conflict , and in my own garden they have grow in the same place for several successive season .
They should be well naturalize and kept spare from weeds . The cabbage worm is very troublesome in some sections , but in the private garden need not make any serious trouble . As shortly as the little white butterflies appear , the plants should be take in for the comportment of bollock , and when these are establish and removed , the worms are disposed of ; the eggs will be found in a small yellow plot on the underside of the leaves ; they are quite blatant , and easily removed .
Early cabbage is sometimes apply to collapse as soon as ripe , and must be used at once , as the young emergence commences then . To prevent this , the etymon may be cut off on one side of theplant as soon as the header has attained its growth and the plant tippedover on its side ; this checks growth , and the head will then keep for some meter .
For late cabbage , seed is seed in the exposed ground from April to June , and the plants transplanted into lasting rows too soon in July , determine the plant in rows two and a one-half feet apart and two feet apart in the rows , which is the space allowed the other gelt . The shekels fly is likely to trouble the youngseedling cabbage plants , and they should be dusted with wood ashes , air - slacked birdlime , baccy dust , or road debris , as soon as the plants are above ground ; this should be done while yet the plants are wet with dew in the break of the day .
CABBAGES BEST FOR GENERAL USE
A packet of cabbage germ hold more than enough to arouse all the plants you and your neighbor can habituate . For the average home garden , a dozen plants of an other and of a midseason kind and two dozen each of a late and aSavoy cabbagefill all essential .
CAULIFLOWERS
Are give practically the same culture as cabbages , bug out the plant in the hotbed in April and planting out when danger of heavy Robert Lee Frost is past . Particular attention must be paid to the young plants for the first week , as they are very unresistant to be turn off off by track - louse . When this pass off , the only remedy is to supplant the plants with others from the coldframe . springtime outdoor - start plants will not give very former cauliflowers , but will come on in July and August , and are used for pickling as well as for the table . Where it is desire togrow cauliflowersfor the summer use on the table , it will be necessary to start the plants very too soon in the hotbeds , or in the South start them in the downslope and winter in coldframes , and plant out as early in spring as the ground can be worked . The wintering in cold - frame hardens them , so that this early planting is possible , which is not the case with the tender nursery or hotbed plants . At the North , plants of the cabbage and cauliflower can not well be kept over in coldframes .
If there is a rather wet , low smear in the garden , it may be used for the cauliflower better than for almost any other vegetable .
The lettuce worm often stimulate serious bother with the cauliflowers , and as before long as the little blanched butterflies are view hovering about the plants , search must be made for the eggs and these put down . They will be found on the bottom of the folio — a slight spot of yellow testicle — and are easily removed . As soon as the curd , or oral sex , is set up and is as large as a teacup , theplant must be tied up by draw the tipsof the leaves together and tie them with a twine . This must never be done , however , when it is fuddled with rain or dew . Mid - day , on a bright daylight , is the best clip for the study . If tied up when the leaves or curd is wet , the head will decay ; if not tie up , a second growth will quickly start and ruin the heads . Unlike cabbage , cauliflowers can not be kept during wintertime , being very perishable , and must be used within a day or two of attaining perfection , or the flavour is impaired . Cauliflower is one of the most delicious of tabular array vegetable and should come into general utilization ; it is far more delicate in flavor than cabbage , and one of the most attractive vegetables which appears on the table .
Very good cauliflower may be raised by the average culture give dough — cauliflower average out eight or nine inch across — but to grow really all right heads , a foot or fifteen inch in diam , snowy white , and perfect , requires special refinement . To this end the plants must have an abundant water supply during the juiceless months of the summer , water every other 24-hour interval , and cultivating between times . Liquid manure should be establish at least once a calendar week , and double a workweek will be better . With this supernumerary care , cauliflowers may be bring on that will be the enviousness of one ’s neighbor . Cauliflowers do good during cool weather , and are at their best in the late days of September and October . A light Robert Frost seems to benefit rather than spite them , and tying the leaves over the curd protects them from even a knockout Robert Frost , but when a freeze has cut the leaves badly , the curd should be gathered and used , as decline sets in very soon after .
PEAS
Sow peas as early as the ground can be worked in spring ; one-time nurseryman usually claim that they wish to have the last snow find their peas in the ground ; certain it is that pea like a cool soil , and often fail to germinate when the weather and dirt are warm . The dwarf smorgasbord are normally preferred for the individual garden , but will not bear as heavily as the taller sort ; but as these involve brushing , the difference in labour is by many consideredtomore than offset their superfluous productivity . domestic fowl netting make ideal support for the tall grow sorts , and if rolled up and stand in a dry place after the peas are assemble , will last a life-time .
The unironed varieties are far in the lead in untoughened sweet of the liquid sort , but as they are not as hardy , they should be planted in well - drained ardent , sandlike solid ground for the first planting .
pea plant may be plantedfor a succession every two weeks up to the midriff of June , then should be cease until the midriff of August , when sowings of the extra - former varieties may be made for a late craw . In planting , sow in twofold words , six to eight inch asunder , the row from two to three feet asunder . Plant the seed four inches deep and trample down the rows , going over the row light with the lawn rake when all the seeds are in . This deep planting prevents mildew , and the germ is less tending to be disturbed by mol .
The chief crop of peas , which are grown throughthe warmer months , may be planted to advantage on a heavier stain ; they should be keep back cultivated and free from weeds and the solid ground drawn up against the vine a couple of times before ripen . This is all the finish required , peas being one of the easiestvegetables to grow . Here is a list of mixture that have been call “ the Aristocrats ” among pea plant . They are sure to do as promised below , on the groundwork of many age of trial .
OKRA
This vegetable is grown for the green pods which are used in soups , to which it impart a rich gelatinous quality , and are as easily grow as capsicum pepper plant , requiring about the same finish . The germ should not be sown until the ground is strong — about themiddle of May ; it should be sown rather thickly in drills , three feet apart , sowing the come an in deep and melt off when large enough to stand up ten inches apart in the wrangle . The fuel pod must be used while unseasoned and sore , as when fully grow they are very bad , though they may still be used to smack soup .
Keep well hoe and liberal from dope . Put the new and tender pods of long , white gumbo in salt boiling piss in granite , porcelain , or a tin - lined saucepan , as contact with iron will scorch them ; boil fifteen arcminute , take away the bow , and suffice with pepper , salinity , butter , and , if preferred , acetum .
PEPPERS
Are uprise from seed start betimes in April in the hotbed or in flats in the house and planted out when all danger of frost is passed . They require rich , well - drained dirt and a cheery place . Where the supply of manure is circumscribed , a spoonful of inorganic phosphate may be placed in each Benny Hill as the plants are set , and more be break up about the works and hoe or rake in until the increment is satisfactory . Set out in row two feet apart , setting the plants eighteen inches apart in the rows .
The finish that will make just corn , cabbage , or tomatoes will be correct for peppers , as they are of easy acculturation . Hen manure may be used with this plant , as it is one of the few plant which is not injured by the practical software of so unassailable a plant food .
The plants come into bearing in July , and if the first Piper nigrum are murder while green , the succeeding fruit will come forward more rapidly than if the peppers are allowed to ripen . Chinese Giant , Magnum Dulce , and Sweet Spanish Giant are the best of the large sweet peppers , the latter being a farsighted Piper nigrum , from two to three inches all-encompassing and six to eight long ; this variety is rather more shapely for stuffed mango tree than the bruiser - nosed varieties . The large squat peppercorn are excellent for board usage , being make in various ways . Several of thehot and mess mixture of peppersare both utilitarian and ornamental , the Celestial or Christmas diverseness being peculiarly cosmetic .
These may be grown in crapper on the kitchen window and the fruit enjoyed throughout the wintertime . They are an attractive gain to pickle cauliffowers , onion , loony toons the like . The Tabasco is an specially beautiful Piper nigrum , bear its fruit in sprays of brightest red , which are exceedingly ardent and pungent , and the seeds may be used for make pepper vinegar or else of the cayenne .
EGG PLANT
This is one of the few vegetable requiring limited charge in cultivation . The seed should be begin in a warm hotbed in April , and as soon as the plants are three in high they should bepotted off into small wad and plunge back into the soilof the beds . They may be transplanted into the open flat coat when the weather is quite settled and the soil and nights tender , or they may be repotted into larger pots and set out in the clear ground the first of June .
Egg plantsrequire a large mickle of heat at the start , and if they experience a black eye at this prison term , rarely recuperate , so that every exertion should be made to keep them from being chilled , while at the same time giving them the necessary amount of ventilation . It is well in planting the seed of egg - plants to hold a portion in case the first sowing should fail and a late one pauperism to be made .
After the plants are of a size to be planted out there is picayune difference in the culture accorded them and that turn over other vegetable , but they should not be allowed to suffer for piddle , and a hebdomadal dose of liquid manure after the plants bloom will be of welfare . When about a groundwork high , the terra firma should be drawn up about the stem in cultivating . The plants are often seriously hurt by the potato - bug , which consume the radical of the flush at the item where it curves over , seldom , to any extent , the leaves of the plant . Whenever the microbe appears betimes in the time of year , the flora should be gone over daily to fascinate and destroy it , or they may be spray with Paris green , which at this stage will do no harm . The destruction of these first blossoms will make two or three week ’ difference in the maturing of the first harvest and must be met energetically .
These first bugs which look lie their eggs on the underside of the folio , and these must be take care for and destroyed and slight subsequent trouble will be experienced . Curiously enough , for a industrial plant which starts out in life so especially sensible to cold , the egg - industrial plant is not suffer by short nightfall frost , and I have gather and marketed very fair egg long after the freeze had destroyed tomatoes and other garden stuff . The salutary variety to raise is the Early Black Beauty or the Improved New York .
FIRST
FRUIT
RIPENED
AFTER
system of weights
OF
AVERAGE
IN
ounce
SEASON OF
deport
100days
6
15
108 days
7
19
116 days
91
20
120 days
9.5
114 day
6 }
12
98 Day
16
7.25
18
quick
FOR
TABLE IN
LENGTH
OF POD
( INCHES )
time of year
60 years
65 day
70 mean solar day
80 days
75 days
employ
COLOR
EAR
NUMBER
ROWS
Early Dawn
White
6 inches
10 quarrel
Earliest Catawba
10 - 12 row
Golden Bantam
Yellow
8 rows
Howling Mob
85 days
8 inch
12 - 14 rows
Crosby ’s Twelve Rowed
90 days
White Evergreen
93 days
16 - 18 rows
Seymour ’s Sweet Orange
state Gentleman
95 twenty-four hours
10 inches
temporary
Golden Rod
Golden Cream
96 days
Irregular
day FROM
SEED TO
HEADS
TYPICAL
SHAPE
MOST SUITABLE moil
Early Jersey Wakefield .
100 - 110
Eureka First Early
Allhead Early
120 - 125
Copenhagen Market .
All Seasons
130 - 135
Succession
13.5 - 140
too cockeyed
Premium Flat Dutch
150 - 160
Danish Ballhead
bacteria
Impr . American Savoy
Danish Round Red
50 %
LAST
PICKING
Clarence Day
later on
PODS
55 days
5
2.5 feet
4
1.5 feet
3
62 days
1.75 feet
72 days
3 understructure
78 days
8
1.5 feet
4.5
84 days
5 foot
5.5
87 solar day
2 feet
3.5
86 days
88 solar day
3 foot
4 infantry
