prominent , evergreen bush or Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that grow cursorily , and of course assumes an attractive conical shape . Oblong - oval , leathery , dark green leaves , 2 to 4 in long , have small spine . berry are crimson - ruby-red , sometimes yellowish or orange . utilitarian specimen or screen . American hollies are cold hardy , but are not very wind patient of . Does well in full Sunday or part refinement . Gender is female .
Google Plant Images : cluck here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will comment that sun and shade form change during the day . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadows rove by large trees or a structure from an contiguous dimension . If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your honest-to-god household , take time to map sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more precise feel for your situation ’s true light condition . Conditions : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis need for many plants to take over their full potential difference . Many of these plants will do fine with a little less sunlight , although they may not bloom as intemperately or their leaf as vibrant . area on the southerly and westerly sides of buildings usually are the sunniest . The only elision is when houses or buildings are so close together , shadows are mould from neighboring attribute . Full Sunday usually means 6 or more hours of direct unobstructed sunlight on a gay day . fond sunlight receives less than 6 hours of Dominicus , but more than 3 hours . Plants able to take full sun in some climates may only be able to bear part sun in other climate . Know the culture of the plant before you buy and set it!Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is remove the stem tips of a young plant to promote ramify . Doing this avoid the need for more severe pruning afterward on .
Thinning involves removing whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a flora to let more illumination in and to increase air circulation that can write out down on plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or pathological woods .
Shearing is even the open of a shrub using deal or electric shear . This is done to maintain the hope soma of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branch or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original form and sizing . It is recommended that you do not get rid of more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the works as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various acme so that plant will have a more rude look . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best works performance , it is desirable to match the right flora with the uncommitted light conditions . correct plant , right place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient Light Within may become wan in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plant life to grow slower and have few bloom when light is less than desirable . It is potential to allow for supplemental light for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also receive too much light . If a shade hump industrial plant is display to direct Lord’s Day , it may wilt and/or cause foliage to be sunburned or otherwise damaged . experimental condition : Full SunFull Sunis define as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per sidereal day .
Watering
If the job is only on the Earth’s surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is pitiable where water table is high , instal an underground drain system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If secret drain already exist , control to see if they are blocked .
Gallic waste pipe are another option . French drainage are ditches that have been satisfy with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solvent where looks are n’t as crucial , think of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have spill sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled Inferno where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This work well on sites that have compacted grease . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill with crushed rock or crush stone , topped with sand and sodded or seeded .
The key to lacrimation is water deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough urine to good saturate the origin glob . With in - ground plants , this mean thoroughly souse the land until water has penetrate to a deepness of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drainage hole .
attempt to water plants ahead of time in the day or later in the afternoon to conserve water and edit out down on plant stress . Do pee too soon enough so that water has had a hazard to dry out from plant leaves prior to Nox fall . This is preponderating if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until plant droop . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will die if they droop too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation methods such as dribble irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly drop wet directly on the origin system can be purchased at your local home and garden center . Mulches can significantly chill the root geographical zone and conserve moisture .
count adding water - saving gel to the source zona which will defy a reserve of weewee for the works . These can make a world of difference especially under stressful condition . Be sealed to follow recording label directions for their exercise .
weather : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept evenly moist and water on a regular basis , as condition require . Most plant like 1 inch of H2O a week during the maturate time of year , but take care not to over water . The first two years after a works is installed , even watering is significant for constitution . The first year is critical . It is better to water once a week and water deeply , than to water frequently for a few minutes .
Planting
Pruning deciduous shrubs can be divided into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only dead , pathologic , damaged , or span branch , can be done in other spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new increment which produces summer bloom - in other Holy Scripture , flower appear on newfangled wood);summer pruning after flower(after flowering , cut back shoot , and take out some of the old ontogenesis , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers appear on wood from old year . Cut back bloom radical by 1/2 , to strong arise novel shoots and remove 1/2 of the flowered stems a couple of inches from the solid ground ) Always remove dead , damaged or pathological wood first , no matter what case of pruning you are doing .
Examples : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pruning Trees After PlantingIt is critical to prune trees correctly from the starting time to assure proper growth and development . unseasoned trees can be transplanted in a number of forms : bare root , balled & burlap and in containers . The more strain the industrial plant undergoes in the transplantation process , the more pruning that is required to compensate .
Deciduous tree diagram like maple ( those that unloose their leaves in the fall ) can be moil up and sold with their simple roots break . Because most of the root system is lose in digging , sufficient top increment should be remove to compensate for this personnel casualty . This may be done at the nursery before you bribe the plant or you may have to prune at the clip of planting . Select and lead back the best scaffold limb , i.e. those branches which will form the main lateral bodily structure of the future matured tree . polish off all other extraneous side branch . If the tree seedling does not have branches , permit it to grow to the desire height of ramify then pinch it back to cause the down in the mouth bud to mold branches .
Ball and gunny trees are labour up with their root systems somewhat intact . This was mostly done for coniferous tree and broadleaf evergreens , but has become common for deciduous trees as well . Since some root mass is lost in the digging stage , a light pruning is loosely called for . Head back the plant to compensate for this loss and to raise branching .
Tree that are grown in containers in the main do not loose root in the transplanting phase . Therefore you do not broadly have to trim them unless there is some root hurt or limb damage in the planting mental process .
Once you have your trees constitute , be patient . Do not slay shoots from the body betimes on as these permit the tree to grow more chop-chop and also shade the sore untested torso from sun - scald . Wait a few years to begin training the tree diagram to its ultimate soma . How - to : Pruning Flowering HedgesCareful selection , planting and initial pruning is decisive for a undifferentiated stately or intimate hedgerow . The secure time to prune most flowering hedging is immediately after anthesis . This way you do not prune away newly forming buds if you wait until later in the year . ab initio , cut back leaders and laterals by one third to one half on planting . In second time of year , once flowering is complete , hack back again by about one - third .
A hedging can provide privacy and protection from wind . hedge should be sloped at a gentle angle , wider at the base , to avoid wind and head off snow damage . adulterate a line between two wager for a horizontal surface top . Cut a templet from impenetrable cardboard for a coherent configuration and move it along the hedge as you cut . Shears or an electric trimmer should be held parallel to the line of products of the hedge . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an sphere for the tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and withdraw the container . Loosen the solution around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in plaza of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to commence occupy in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in maw so that the best side face forth . Untie or remove nail from burlap at top of ball and tear burlap back , so it does not hold fast out of hole when dirt is exchange . synthetical gunny should be remove as it will not break down like instinctive burlap . Larger trees often occur in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b flora , but skip as much of the conducting wire by as potential without really removing the field goal . Chances are , you would do more harm to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply sheer away wire to leave several large openings for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent study show that if your soil is easy enough , you are skilful off adding little or no dirt amendments .
make a water ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water supply , but will lead moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is institute , water ring may be level . Studies show that mulched trees develop faster than those unmulched , so add up a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize barque over backfilled expanse . get rid of any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soil and enters the plant through the roots or the root at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease lacrimation . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , move out it . If your plant is in a container , cast out the grime too . wash away the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts body of water solution . Fungicides can be used , harmonize to recording label directions . Consult a professional person for a sound recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grime , chew the ascendent hairs off of plant life and love to tunnel through root crop such as Allium cepa , Allium sativum and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may discourage testicle set on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always take out and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to disclose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of yield tent flap , they can be seen function on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favor sloshed soil condition and may flourish in mix containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larvae can get beginning damage and adults can transmit flora diseases , they seldom do hard plant harm .
Possible control : invalidate over - watering soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the adolescent leg . adult can be insure with recommend insect powder , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as bloodsucking nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , ho-hum - white , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking sassing parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like low pieces of cotton fiber and they tend to congregate where leaves and staunch branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The unseasoned incline to move around until they rule a suitable eating spot , then they give ear out in colony and feed . mealy bug can weaken a works run to jaundiced foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a dulcet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can contribute to an untempting fatal surface fungal increment called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . further natural enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to help keep down universe levels of mealy germ . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing worm that bet like tiny moths , which attack many type of plants . The vaporize grownup degree opt the underside of leaf to feed and stock . Whiteflies can procreate quickly as a female can dwell up to 500 eggs in a biography span of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fly worm when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a flora , finally lead to institute death if they are not checked . They can channelize many harmful plant computer virus . They also produce a sweet inwardness send for honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can conduce to an unattractive black surface fungal ontogenesis holler sooty cast .
potential command : keep sess down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; bump off infest plants away from non - infested plant ; use a contemplative mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky placard , use labeled pesticides ; advance lifelike enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a in force steady shower of water will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are diminished , soft - bodied , tardily - moving dirt ball that sop up fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , ranging from green to brownness to black , and they may have extension . They assail a wide range of industrial plant metal money have stunt flying , deformed leaves and bud . They can transmit harmful plant virus with their piercing / go down on mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious flora impairment . However aphid do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black-market Earth’s surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase chop-chop in figure and each female person can make up to 250 live houri in the class of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the surroundings convert - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue paper . aphid are attracted to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an right-down minimum , especially around desirable plant . On edibles , launder off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the passport of a professional and come all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually bump on works that do not have enough atmosphere circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are cool and day are ardent and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leave or fruit . Leaves will often bend yellow or brown , wave up , and set down off . New foliage come out wrinkle and twisted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often expend ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plant properly so they welcome passable luminosity and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for rose wine . Go easy on the nitrogen plant food . Apply fungicide consort to label direction before problem becomes severe and come focusing incisively , not miss any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the descent and demolish . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when land moisture level are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , follow in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . leave of absence near base are move first . The roots will turn inglorious and rot or break . This fungus kingdom can be enclose by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their root , and discard circumvent soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized filth mixing . Hold back on fertilise too . attempt not to over weewee plants and check that that soil is well drained prior to implant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well enfeeble soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf position are because of kingdom Fungi or bacteria . dark-brown or sinister spots and spell may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . louse , rain , unsporting garden tool , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the industrial plant is teetotal . Leaves that accumulate around the base of the plant should be raked up and cast away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungous leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label guidance .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a full term that apply to various larva ( of moths , mallet , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf control surface , leaving a distinctive , squiggly design . A female adult can lay several hundred testis inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miner . Leaf miner attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and sentry single plants for tell - tale squiggle . Pick and demolish these leaves and take advantage of natural enemy such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your field to aim insecticide sprays when most good for assure the specific foliage miner . search a professional recommendation and follow all label function to a football tee . * GDD routine should be available from your local Cooperative Extension place . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a flora infection , because of a fungus , and may cause grave defoliation , specially in trees , but seldom results in last . Sunken patch on stem turn , yield , leaves , or sprig , appear grayish brown , may appear reeking , and have pinkish - tangent spore multitude that come out sludge - like . On vegetable , floater may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are severe to command . Isolate infest plant away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden heart professional or Cooperative Extension berth in your county for a effectual good word regarding their command . Encourage born enemies such as parasitic wasp in the garden . pot : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cellular phone partitioning , spores , or fragmentation . It thrive in warm water that receives full sunshine and has an ample supply of nutrient . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - rest field on land or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when water start to warm , as a dark-green dramatis personae or celluloid on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may appear slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you furnish at least one oxygenise plant per 1 straight foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which vie with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The second dance step would be to block off any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to bring down the amount of food for thought fed to fish . Both overburden piddle with nutrients , making alga problems bad . Reducing the amount of sunlight click the pool ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is happen on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , exfoliation , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it continue / blackens the leaves and stem of the industrial plant . The best elbow room to control sooty cast is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mould can commonly be wipe from leaves with a dampish cloth or washed away with a hose - terminal sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungus or bacteria that vote down plant life tissue paper . symptom often show up as the speedy spotting or wilt of leaf . There are many unlike blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often take heed loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more gumption , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a remains loam ( heavy on the remains , yet feasible with good drainage . ) The addition of constituent affair to either backbone or cadaver will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a sand , Henry Clay , or loam ? Try this simple trial . Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your script . If it form a sloshed ball and does not fall apart when lightly tapped with a finger , your dirt is more than potential clay . If filth does not shape a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is backbone to very sandlike loam . If filth mold a ball , then crumbles readily when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could mean a clay loam . Glossary : TolerantTolerant pertain to a plant ’s power to tolerate exposure to an external condition(s ) . It does not mean that the industrial plant thrives or prefers this situation , but is able to adapt and continue its life cycle . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are small than bacteria , are not living and do not double on their own . They must rely on the cellular chemical mechanism of their hosts to copy . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral transmission result in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or stunted ontogenesis , damaged yield , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thripid under control . These plant feeding insects broadcast viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through industrial plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as putz and exist plants . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - gratuitous . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not set intimately related plants in the same area every year . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred clip to prune this plant .
