Foliage is ellipse , slow and spiny ; normal color is dark olive commons . Tree have long branches and rapid ontogeny . yield is bright carmine and abundant . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This coinage does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows best in full Dominicus .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is get rid of the bow tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more grave pruning later on .
Thinning involve removing whole branch back to the torso . This may be done to open up the inside of a flora to rent more light in and to increase air circulation that can rationalise down on industrial plant disease . The best way to begin cutting is to start by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using mitt or electric shear . This is done to assert the want anatomy of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of onetime branches or the overall step-down of the size of a shrub to restore its original build and size . It is advocate that you do not remove more than one third of a plant life at a clip . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , bring down back canes at various acme so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis specify as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct Sunday per Clarence Shepard Day Jr. .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the control surface , it mayhap diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where weewee table is high , instal an underground drain system . You should touch a declarer for this . If clandestine drain already subsist , check off to see if they are blocked .
French drain are another alternative . French drain are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is fine to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a near resolution where looks are n’t as significant , retrieve of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch make full with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 infantry abstruse and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water system is divert to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have squeeze filth . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and rich and filled with gravel or crushed stone , top with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to deviate body of water onto other hoi polloi ’s holding . If you do not feel that you may enforce a feasible solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being swampy because the texture of the soil allows excess moisture to drain away . Most plants like about 1 inch of pee per week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and urine holding or draining electrical capacity . A 3 in layer of mulch will help oneself to asseverate territory wet and studies have show that mulch plant grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , place the tree on its side and take away the container . loose the roots around the sharpness without breaking up the root ball too much . status tree in heart of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , place it in hole so that the good side faces forward . Untie or take away nail from gunny at top of ball and pull gunny back , so it does not stick out of gob when dirt is replaced . man-made gunny should be removed as it will not rot like natural burlap . Larger trees often follow in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but slue as much of the wire away as potential without actually removing the hoop . Chances are , you would do more equipment casualty to the rootball by removing the basket . just skip away wires to leave several declamatory openings for tooth root .
Fill both holes with grease the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your land is at large enough , you are better off tote up little or no grease amendment .
make a water band around the outer border of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will take wet to perimeter roots , encourage out growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . survey show that mulched tree grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or powder barque over backfilled area . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and go in the plant life through the roots or the base at grunge horizontal surface . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , minify tearing . If a plant is too far run ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , murder it . If your plant is in a container , toss the grease too . Wash the lot with a 1 part bleach to 9 part water solution . antifungal can be used , according to label directions . Consult a pro for a sound recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , masticate the root hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through source crops such as onions , ail and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , calendered white and blunt - headed . grownup are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row book binding or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former bounce may deter egg set on youthful plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plant . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the spill to expose and ruin pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small bothersome flies which can often be a nuisance inside the abode . About the size of yield fly ball , they can be seen running on the soil surface of toilet . They seem to favor wet filth conditions and may fly high in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - alike larvae can have theme damage and adults can transmit works disease , they rarely cause severe plant damage .
potential command : forefend over - watering soil . Another option : consumption label insecticidal drenches against the puerile stage . Adults can be controlled with recommend insecticides , as well . advance natural enemies such as parasitic nematode worm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , gentle - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking backtalk portion that breastfeed the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small composition of cotton wool and they incline to congregate where leaves and halt branch . They attack a broad range of flora . The vernal tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . mealybug can weaken a plant leading to yellowish leaf and folio fall . They also raise a honeyed substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can guide to an untempting black surface fungal increase phone sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance testimonial . boost innate enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy glitch . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moths , which aggress many types of plants . The flying grownup stage prefers the undersurface of parting to eat and breed . whitefly can multiply cursorily as a female can lie up to 500 eggs in a spirit span of 2 month . If a plant life is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant life , finally lead to plant demise if they are not checked . They can convey many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called pitchy molding .
potential control : keep locoweed down ; habit screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infest plants aside from non - infested flora ; expend a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under flora ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow-bellied sticky cards , apply mark pesticides ; encourage innate enemy such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a near steady shower of water will lave them off the industrial plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , voiced - bodied , slow - moving insects that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many color , ranging from green to brown to inglorious , and they may have wing . They attack a wide range of plant species cause aerobatics , twist leave-taking and buds . They can transmit harmful flora virus with their pierce / suck mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant terms . However aphids do produce a sweet heart and soul called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can leave to an untempting black surface growth call sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can bring forth up to 250 live nymph in the course of a month without pairing . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - bounce & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches eat on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the coloring material yellow and will often hitchhike on white-livered article of clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , specially around suitable flora . On edibles , lave off taint area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constitutional and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label subroutine to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough zephyr circulation or adequate luminosity . Problems are worse where nights are cool and day are tender and humid . The powdery white or grey-haired fungus is unremarkably found on the upper open of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or dark-brown , kink up , and drop off . New foliation emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often shake off early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants the right way so they experience adequate light and melodic phrase circulation . Always water from below , keeping weewee off the leaf . This is paramount for rose . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides accord to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not miss any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and transfer all leave , flower , or junk in the fall and put down . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively mellow and fungous spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible flora . The base of operations of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stem wilt and buy the farm . leaf near base are pretend first . The roots will turn black and moulder or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminate water .
Prevention and ControlRemove feign plants and their roots , and discard hem in soil . Replace with flora that are not susceptible , and only practice fresh , sterilized soil mix . withstand back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plant and make trusted that soil is well run out prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom count similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained grime . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungi or bacterium . dark-brown or pitch-black spots and plot of land may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - adjoin appearance . insect , rain , unclean garden tools , or even people can serve its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaf when the flora is wry . Leaves that accumulate around the base of the plant should be crease up and disposed of . deflect overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal foliage situation , use a recommended fungicide according to label charge .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that apply to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and low folio surface , leaving a typical , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can consist several hundred eggs inside the foliage which hatching and give rise to miners . foliage miners blast ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plant for tell - tale squiggle . Pick and destroy these leaves and take vantage of instinctive enemy such as parasitical wasps . love the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to point insecticide spray when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and keep an eye on all label subroutine to a teeing ground . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , because of a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in tree , but rarely leave in end . Sunken patches on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may seem weak , and have pinkish - tan spore sight that appear sludge - same . On vegetable , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once make they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants out from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden shopping mall professional or Cooperative Extension position in your county for a legal testimonial regarding their control . further lifelike enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden . Mary Jane : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receives full Sunday and has an ample provision of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie in areas on land or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when piddle begins to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s aerofoil . On domain , alga may come out worthless and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The secure prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you provide at least one oxygenating plant life per 1 straight understructure of pond surface . secure oxygenators admit charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to terminate any fertilizer runoff from enter the pool and to reduce the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload water supply with nutrients , make alga problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight permeate the pool ’s surface is the third step . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is notice on the surface of folio . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy hemipteron , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaf and staunch of the plant . The estimable means to contain pitchy clay sculpture is to operate the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed by with a hosepipe - closing sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are stimulate by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or droop of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plant , each requiring a wide-ranging method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under controller . These plant feeding insect spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when prune ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant should be fit , as well as tools and existing plants . expend only manifest germ that is deemed disease - free . Plant only tolerant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating harvest , not planting intimately tie in plant in the same area every year .
