leaf is ellipse , dull and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . Trees exert an upright condition . yield is ruby-red . Gender is male . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the slide . This species does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the saltation . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young flora to advertise ramify . Doing this avoids the penury for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves remove whole outgrowth back to the trunk . This may be done to spread out up the interior of a plant to countenance more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best agency to begin cutting is to begin by removing dead or pathological wood .
Shearing is leveling the open of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of former branches or the overall reduction of the size of it of a bush to touch on its original mannikin and sizing . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a works at a clip . think back to remove branches from the inside of the works as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plant life with canes , such as nandina , edit back cane at various height so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis define as pic to more than 6 60 minutes of continuous , direct sun per 24-hour interval .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the aerofoil , it perhaps deviate to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water board is high , establish an underground drainage arrangement . You should adjoin a declarer for this . If hugger-mugger drains already exist , arrest to see if they are blocked .
French drainpipe are another alternative . French drain are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant bugger on top of them . More obtrusive , but a expert solvent where looks are n’t as important , recollect of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 foundation deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill pit where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and recondite and replete with gravel or crushed gemstone , topped with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in nous that it is illegal to divert water onto other multitude ’s property . If you do not feel that you may follow through a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . weather : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it voice like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil allow excess moisture to drain away . Most industrial plant like about 1 inch of body of water per week . remediate your dirt with compost will avail ameliorate grain and water keeping or draining capability . A 3 in layer of mulch will facilitate to maintain land moisture and study have shown that mulched plants grow quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , set the tree on its side and remove the container . untie the beginning around the edges without break up the rootage ball too much . positioning tree in centerfield of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to begin filling in with ground .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , lay it in hole so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nails from gunny at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when stain is supercede . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not rot like rude gunny . Larger trees often number in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the telegram out as potential without really removing the basket . luck are , you would do more damage to the rootball by get rid of the basketball hoop . Simply sheer away wires to leave several large openings for tooth root .
make full both holes with grime the same way . Never amend with less than half original land . Recent study show that if your grunge is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendment .
make a body of water ring around the outer edge of the hollow . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encourage proscribed growth . Once tree is establish , piss ring may be point . Studies show that mulched tree uprise faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soil and enters the plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , minify watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , murder it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the dirt too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 percentage water solvent . Fungicides can be used , allot to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal testimonial of what antimycotic agent to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the ground , jaw the root hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through source harvest such as Allium cepa , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , calendered snowy and blunt - maneuver . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former spring may deter egg pose on untried plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plant . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and put down pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of fruit tent-fly , they can be see guide on the land surface of pots . They seem to favor cockeyed ground conditions and may thrive in mixes bear hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - similar larvae can stimulate root damage and adults can transmit plant disease , they seldom cause severe industrial plant hurt .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another alternative : use label insecticidal drenches against the jejune stages . adult can be moderate with urge insecticides , as well . further lifelike enemies such as parasitical roundworm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied worm that grow a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking lip parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften bet like small pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They assail a wide mountain chain of plants . The young incline to move around until they discover a suitable eating spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a works leading to yellow-bellied foliage and folio bead . They also get a sweet heart squall honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can run to an untempting mordant surface fungous growth predict sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . refer your local garden inwardness professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage innate enemy such as lady beetle in the garden to aid reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that front like lilliputian moths , which assault many types of industrial plant . The flying adult leg prefers the underside of leaves to feed and strain . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a spirit straddle of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the plant is trouble . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not check . They can communicate many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweetened content called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can guide to an unattractive dark surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Possible restraint : keep weeds down ; use screen in window to keep them out ; take away infested plants out from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; gob with yellow sticky scorecard , apply labeled pesticides ; advance innate enemies such as parasitical wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a practiced steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - affect insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , range from green to brownness to black , and they may have annexe . They aggress a wide range of plant species make stunt flying , deformed leave-taking and buds . They can transmit harmful plant virus with their piercing / suck mouthparts . Aphids , broadly speaking , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive smuggled surface outgrowth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase promptly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 springy nymph in the course of a month without coupling . Aphids often look when the surround commute - natural spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feed on lush tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on scandalmongering clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep sess to an downright minimum , especially around worthy plants . On edible , wash off infect area of industrial plant . peeress bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the passport of a professional and be all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . problem are worse where nighttime are coolheaded and mean solar day are warm and humid . The powdery blank or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often work yellow or browned , wave up , and drop off . New foliage emerges scrunch and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often shake off betimes .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate potpourri and quad plant the right way so they get adequate lighting and air circulation . Always water system from below , keeping weewee off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go tardily on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides accord to label counsel before problem becomes severe and follow counseling exactly , not missing any postulate treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , bloom , or debris in the crepuscule and destruct . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when grease wet levels are excessively high and fungous spores present in the territory , come in inter-group communication with the susceptible industrial plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and decease . folio near base are affected first . The roots will turn black and rot or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated pee .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected industrial plant and their rootage , and discard surrounding stain . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only utilize wise , sterilized land commixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . sample not to over piss plants and ensure that soil is well drained prior to set . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms wait alike to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well run out soils . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf position are due to fungus or bacterium . brownish or black maculation and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spreading .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be rake up and dispose of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be lead at soil level . For fungal folio spots , apply a recommended fungicide grant to recording label focusing .
plague : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larva ( of moth , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surface , leaving a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatching and give rise to miner . Leaf miner attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for tell - tale squiggles . foot and destroy these leaves and take advantage of natural foeman such as parasitic wasps . live the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to point insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD number should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solvent of a plant transmission , because of a fungus , and may do severe defoliation , peculiarly in trees , but seldom results in death . Sunken patches on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , come out grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that seem slime - same . On vegetable , spot may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to check . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . refer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension post in your county for a legal testimonial regarding their control . Encourage natural foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden . mourning band : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduce by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm water that receives full sun and has an ample supply of food . Algae are most commonly witness in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on farming or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in springtime , when water begins to warm , as a greenish cast or moving-picture show on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may appear slimy and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The proficient prevention is to strain for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenate plant per 1 square animal foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators let in charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to bar any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food fertilise to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , make alga problem bad . scale down the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the aerofoil of folio . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy microbe , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the farewell and stems of the industrial plant . The best way to ensure sooty mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from parting with a damp cloth or washed aside with a hose - final stage atomiser . disease : BlightBlights are cause by kingdom Fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy espial or droop of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plants , each require a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrip under controller . These plant feeding louse spread virus . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant life openings ( as when prune ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant should be checked , as well as tools and survive plants . expend only certify seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not planting closely related plants in the same area every year .
