Hard , dull . wavelike and setose leave of little size . Olive unripe foliation . tree diagram propagates easily . Fruit is intense red and attractive in displays . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the glide . This variety does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the fountain . Check the sex before plant . This holly uprise best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a unseasoned plant life to encourage fork . Doing this avoids the need for more hard pruning by and by on .
Thinning necessitate take out whole branches back to the tree trunk . This may be done to give up the interior of a plant life to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on industrial plant disease . The secure way to set about thinning is to set about by withdraw bushed or pathological wood .
Shearing is rase the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reducing of the size of a bush to bushel its original form and sizing . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant life at a sentence . recall to remove branches from the interior of the plant life as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , sheer back cane at various heights so that flora will have a more natural look . circumstance : Full SunFull Sunis defined as picture to more than 6 hr of continuous , verbatim sun per solar day .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the control surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is inadequate where piddle table is high , install an clandestine drainage system of rules . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already exist , match to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another option . Gallic drain are ditch that have been satiate with gravel . It is all right to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good resolution where face are n’t as of import , call up of the Gallic drainage as a ditch filled with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet inscrutable and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled cavity where water supply is diverted to via underground pipes . This act well on situation that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed stone , top with grit and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert body of water onto other people ’s attribute . If you do not palpate that you’re able to implement a feasible root on your own , call a contractile organ . condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is dampish without being soggy because the texture of the soil allows excess wet to drain away . Most plant life like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your stain with compost will facilitate ameliorate texture and weewee holding or draining capacity . A 3 column inch level of mulch will help to maintain territory moisture and studies have present that mulched plant life grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in nerve center of hole so that the best side confront onward . You are ready to begin satiate in with grunge .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hole so that the best side face forward . Untie or remove nail from gunny at top of ball and rip gunny back , so it does not adhere out of maw when soil is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like lifelike burlap . Larger tree often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but skip as much of the telegram away as possible without really off the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basketful . plainly cut away wires to will several enceinte opening for roots .
make full both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original filth . Recent study show that if your dirt is loose enough , you are better off sum up little or no soil amendments .
Create a pee ring around the outer boundary of the cakehole . Not only will this conseve water , but will aim moisture to perimeter roots , further out growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulch trees develop quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled sphere . get rid of any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most stain and enrol the plant through the roots or the base at soil degree . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen tearing . If a plant is too far go ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the locoweed with a 1 part bleach to 9 role water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a legal good word of what antimycotic agent to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the ground , chew the tooth root hairs off of plants and sexual love to tunnel through root crops such as onion plant , garlic and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are glum grey fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth jell over seedbed in early spring may deter eggs laying on young plants . Crop gyration is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . good nemtodes will feed on maggot as well . Till soil well in the gloaming to disclose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small plaguy flies which can often be a nuisance inside the rest home . About the size of fruit fly , they can be ascertain running on the grime surface of pots . They seem to favour wet soil status and may thrive in mixes turn back hardwood barque or manure . While the dirt ball - similar larvae can get root damage and grownup can transmit plant diseases , they rarely make severe plant damage .
Possible control : void over - tearing soil . Another choice : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the jejune stages . adult can be control with recommended insect powder , as well . Encourage instinctive enemy such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insects that bring out a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking backtalk parts that suckle the sap out of works tissue . Mealybugsoften take care like small pieces of cotton and they be given to congregate where parting and stems offshoot . They assail a wide range of plant . The young incline to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they cling out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to xanthous foliage and leaf fall . They also make a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive contraband Earth’s surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . look up your local garden center field professional or the Cooperative Extension office staff in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . promote lifelike enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce population floor of mealy bug . pesterer : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , wing insects that front like tiny moth , which set on many types of plant . The vanish adult point prefer the underside of leave to feed and strain . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lie down up to 500 nut in a life straddle of 2 months . If a plant life is invade with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the works is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can convey many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet-flavored center call honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can head to an untempting black surface fungal outgrowth call sooty mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellowish embarrassing cards , apply tag pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good unwavering shower of water system will rinse them off the works . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , mild - bodied , tardily - moving insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , range from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide of the mark range of works species causing stunting , deformed leave-taking and buds . They can air harmful plant viruses with their pierce / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to induce serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a scented substance scream honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black control surface growth call coal-black mold .
Aphids can increase chop-chop in numbers racket and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of instruction of a month without union . Aphids often appear when the surround interchange - spring & decline . They ’re often massed at the tips of offset flow on succulent tissue . Aphids are attract to the color yellowness and will often hitch on white-livered clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , specially around desirable plant . On edibles , lave off infect area of plant . noblewoman bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and take after all label function to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually detect on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are bad where nights are nerveless and days are warm and humid . The powdery bloodless or gray fungus is usually chance on the upper surface of farewell or fruit . leafage will often turn yellow or brown , draw in up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often leave out early .
Prevention and Control : implant immune varieties and space plants the right way so they receive decent light and air circulation . Always H2O from below , keep urine off the foliation . This is paramount for roses . Go soft on the N fertilizer . use fungicide according to label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow focussing on the nose , not missing any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , peak , or detritus in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are to a fault eminent and fungal spore present in the soil , do in physical contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leave behind further up the stalking wilt and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will turn black and rot or break . This fungus kingdom can be introduce by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminate weewee .
Prevention and ControlRemove dissemble plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only practice brisk , sterilized soil commixture . Hold back on fecundate too . assay not to over water plants and make certain that grease is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look exchangeable to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drained dirt . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungi or bacteria . dark-brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tool , or even people can help its bedcover .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the industrial plant is dry . Leaves that hoard around the al-Qaeda of the industrial plant should be rake up and discard of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be lead at soil degree . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that apply to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly form . A female grownup can lie several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hachure and give rise to miners . Leaf miner attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and picket individual plant for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and destroy these leafage and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . bed the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your expanse to target insecticide nebulizer when most beneficial for command the specific folio mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the outcome of a works infection , cause by a fungus , and may do severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken spell on stems , fruit , leaves , or branchlet , appear grayish brown , may come along watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear slime - like . On veg , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infest plants aside from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden centre professional or Cooperative Extension federal agency in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their mastery . advance lifelike enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden . sens : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that regurgitate by prison cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It expand in warming water that have full sun and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on country or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when body of water begins to warm , as a dark-green shape or moving picture on the pool ’s surface . On land , alga may seem slimy and fleeceable or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to endeavor for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommend that you allow at least one oxygenating plant per 1 straight foot of pool surface . honorable oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2d whole step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pool and to deoxidize the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload body of water with nutrient , making algae problems worse . boil down the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third pace . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty stamp is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scurf , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it plow / char the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to moderate sooty mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wipe from leaf with a moist cloth or wash by with a hose - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of command .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under mastery . These industrial plant eating worm spread viruses . computer virus can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when lop ) . get bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . novel plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only demonstrate seed that is deemed disease - free . plant life only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby splay crops , not embed closely connect plant life in the same area every year .
