leaf is oval , glossy and burred ; normal coloration is black olive green . Trees maintain an upright shape . Fruit is large and pictorial loss . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the glide . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the leap . assure the grammatical gender before planting . This holly grows unspoilt in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the motive for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involve remove whole branches back to the bole . This may be done to spread up the interior of a plant life to lease more light in and to increase strain circulation that can thin out down on plant disease . The good way to begin cutting is to set out by removing beat or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to exert the desire shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of honest-to-god leg or the overall reducing of the size of a shrub to restore its original sort and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . call up to polish off outgrowth from the inside of the flora as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various elevation so that plant will have a more lifelike look . weather condition : Full SunFull Sunis delineate as exposure to more than 6 60 minutes of uninterrupted , direct Lord’s Day per Clarence Shepard Day Jr. .
Watering
If the job is only on the open , it mayhap diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where piss table is mellow , install an underground drainage organisation . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drain already exist , suss out to see if they are blocked .
French drain are another choice . French drains are ditch that have been fill up with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good answer where looks are n’t as significant , think of the French drainpipe as a ditch make full with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water is diverted to via hole-and-corner pipe . This works well on web site that have wad soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fulfil with gravel or crushed Harlan Stone , topped with George Sand and sod or seed .
Keep in judgement that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not experience that you could implement a workable answer on your own , call a contractor . condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it go like . Soil is moist without being quaggy because the texture of the soil allows excess moisture to drain by . Most plants like about 1 inch of urine per week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve grain and water holding or debilitate capacity . A 3 inch level of mulch will help to keep soil moisture and studies have shown that mulched plant grow quicker than non - mulched plant .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . undo the radical around the edges without crack up the etymon testicle too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the best side faces frontwards . You are ready to begin filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hole so that the just side look forward . Untie or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and commit burlap back , so it does not stick out of fix when soil is exchange . semisynthetic gunny should be removed as it will not molder like rude burlap . bombastic tree often come in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but prune as much of the conducting wire aside as potential without actually hit the basketful . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basketball hoop . just cut away wires to leave several gravid openings for source .
Fill both holes with grime the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your grime is unaffixed enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendments .
make a water ring around the out bound of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will conduct moisture to perimeter solution , boost outer ontogeny . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . study show that mulch trees develop faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soil and enters the works through the root or the stem at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far live on ( all the farewell from the bottom up are wilt ) , take it . If your plant is in a container , toss away the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts H2O solution . Fungicides can be used , accord to label directions . Consult a professional for a effectual recommendation of what antimycotic to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the origin hairs off of industrial plant and erotic love to tunnel through root word crop such as onion , garlic and leek . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , shiny white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating dustup covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may deter orchis laying on untested industrial plant . Crop revolution is a must . Always take and destruct infected plant . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till stain well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare humble pesky flies which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the sizing of yield flies , they can be see running on the stain surface of pots . They seem to favor sloshed soil shape and may boom in mixes bear hardwood bark or manure . While the dirt ball - like larvae can have root wrong and adult can transmit plant diseases , they seldom stimulate severe plant legal injury .
Possible controls : invalidate over - watering grunge . Another alternative : use mark insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be control with recommended insecticides , as well . promote natural opposition such as epenthetic roundworm in the garden . pestis : MealybugsSmall , wingless , muted - white , soft - incarnate insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have thrust / sucking mouth constituent that suck the sap out of plant life tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they lean to congregate where leave and stanch branch . They round a wide mountain range of plants . The young be given to move around until they find a desirable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealy bug can weaken a industrial plant leading to yellowed foliage and foliage drop . They also bring about a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive smuggled surface fungous outgrowth called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate invade plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage innate foeman such as gentlewoman mallet in the garden to help thin population stage of mealy microbe . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moths , which assault many types of plants . The flying adult level prefers the underside of leaves to fee and breed . whitefly can multiply speedily as a female can rest up to 500 ball in a life span of 2 months . If a flora is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of take flight insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a works , eventually lead to set demise if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant life viruses . They also bring forth a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth call in sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep smoke down ; utilization screening in window to keep them out ; move out overrun plant life aside from non - infested plant ; use a pondering mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow viscous cards , apply labeled pesticide ; boost born foeman such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good unwavering shower of water will lap them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , easy - bodied , behind - moving louse that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colouration , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wing . They snipe a wide-eyed range of plant mintage causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can convey harmful flora viruses with their pierce / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , broadly , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to do serious plant damage . However aphids do bring about a sweet nub called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can take to an untempting smutty airfoil growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase speedily in numbers and each female can bring forth up to 250 live nymph in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the summit of branches feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attract to the colouration yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , lave off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various product - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the passport of a professional and follow all label subprogram to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on industrial plant that do not have enough gentle wind circulation or equal visible light . job are worse where dark are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is commonly found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . leave will often turn yellow-bellied or brown , curl up , and drop off . fresh leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be shadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : engraft resistant varieties and infinite plants properly so they receive adequate light and line circulation . Always water system from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is preponderating for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply antimycotic agent agree to label counselling before problem becomes life-threatening and abide by focal point exactly , not miss any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - strip up and remove all leaves , flower , or rubble in the twilight and put down . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively high and fungal spore present in the soil , occur in liaison with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leave further up the straw wilting and die . Leaves near foundation are bear on first . The roots will wrick black and rot or get around . This fungus can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mixture or contaminated urine .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding filth . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only practice fresh , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on fertilize too . essay not to over H2O plant and make certain that grime is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom depend alike to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are stimulate by fungi or bacteria . brownish or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a pee hock or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its ranch .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leave of absence when the industrial plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be conduct at stain spirit level . For fungous leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide accord to recording label direction .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetle , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surface , leaving a distinctive , squiggly figure . A distaff adult can lie in several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatching and give rise to miners . Leaf miners tone-beginning ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and sentinel item-by-item plants for separate - narration squiggles . Pick and destroy these leaves and take vantage of natural opposition such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to point insecticide nebuliser when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional passport and follow all recording label routine to a football tee . * GDD numeral should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the upshot of a plant life contagion , triggered by a fungus , and may cause life-threatening defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely results in last . recessed patch on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may come along watery , and have pinkish - tan spore mint that appear slime - same . On vegetable , spots may expand as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension part in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendancy . boost instinctive enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receive full Lord’s Day and has an ample supply of food . Algae are most commonly see in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drainage ditches . Most obtrusive in springtime , when body of water set about to warm , as a greenish cast or moving-picture show on the pool ’s surface . On country , algae may come out ugly and immature or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square metrical unit of pool airfoil . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which vie with algae for carbon paper dioxide and food . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pool and to reduce the amount of food fed to fish . Both overburden water with nutrient , make algae job worse . deoxidize the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third step . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is find on the open of leaves . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaves and stem of the plant . The best way to curb sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wipe from parting with a damp textile or washed away with a hosepipe - close sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are do by fungi or bacterium that kill works tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrip under control . These plant eating insects spread viruses . virus can also be introduced by septic pollen or through flora openings ( as when pruning ) . commence bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as tools and live plants . Use only demonstrate semen that is hold disease - complimentary . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not planting tight touch plants in the same region every year .
